| Solar panel | Solar array are instruments that transform sunlight into electricity using solar cells. These are an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to produce heat, typically used for hot water production or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sun rays to generate warmth, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic nation in the UK known for its rich cultural legacy, famous sights, and lively urban areas like the capital. It boasts a varied terrain of gentle slopes, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that combine tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the natural light emitted by the star, crucial for existence on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a type of power due to the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives innumerable appliances and infrastructures, enabling modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional movement of electric charge, usually produced by cell packs, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a device that holds chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to power various digital equipment. It includes one or more electrochemical units, each containing anode and cathode separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an green energy solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a device that converts direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and providing reliable, consistent energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity regularly, generally used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It permits optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that controls the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to determine the dimension, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement during the day, enhancing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale plants that utilize sunlight to produce electricity using many solar panels. They supply a sustainable and sustainable energy power, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions save excess energy generated from renewable energy or the grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations typically utilize batteries to deliver backup power, cut down energy expenses, and aid grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells chronicles the advancement and advancements in photovoltaic tech from the early finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-performance photovoltaic modules. It highlights major innovations, including the creation of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have significantly improved power transformation and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French scientist renowned for his innovative work in the study of the solar effect and luminescent phenomena. His research laid the groundwork for grasping how light interacts with specific substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an United States creator who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned innovative organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the origin of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and 14, famous for its crucial role in the production of electronic components and solar modules. It is a tough, breakable solid substance with a bluish-gray shine, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a small device installed on each photovoltaic panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This method increases system performance, enables improved performance monitoring, and increases energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a unit that converts sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to offer a sustainable and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon acts as a elementary particle representing a unit of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the process by which certain materials transform sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the core concept behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the capturing of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a reduced expense. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as people, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are essential considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power represents the velocity at which electricity is conveyed by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. It is generated through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and is essential for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a measure of power in the SI system, representing the speed of energy flow or conversion. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which pushes the movement of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and shows the energy per single charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and EMF in the metric system. It measures the voltage per unit charge between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, commonly measured in A. It is crucial for energizing electronic equipment and allowing the working of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere is the unit of electric current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It indicates the flow of electric charge through a conductor over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and size of power systems to guarantee reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a convenient and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is commonly used for powering and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power converter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) from sources like batteries or solar arrays into AC suitable for domestic gadgets. It allows the operation of regular electrical equipment in settings where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, maximizing power intake. This technology improves the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by keeping best panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to enhance the energy production of solar panel setups by regularly modifying the performance point to align with the optimal power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure ensures the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a device that tracks and analyzes the performance of photovoltaic panel systems in real-time, offering valuable data on energy generation and system condition. It helps maximize solar power output by detecting issues ahead of time and guaranteeing maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, appliances, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous small silicon crystal structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its creation involves fusing and restructuring silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline form suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a uniform lattice framework, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic devices. Its uniform framework allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in superior functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a category of film solar method that presents a cost-effective and efficient alternative for large-scale solar energy production. They are recognized for their great absorption capability and relatively reduced manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic cells that employ a layered compound of Cu, indium, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into power effectively. They are noted for their excellent absorption efficiency, bendability, and capability for lightweight, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered atomic arrangement, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its affordability and adaptable features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and pioneering techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are advanced photovoltaic devices that use various p-n junctions stacked in unison to collect a broader range of the solar spectrum, substantially enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space satellites and advanced solar power installations due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that transform solar radiation into electrical energy to supply onboard systems. They are typically lightweight, long-lasting, and built for efficient operation in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This approach is ideal for massive solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, delivering a economical option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a portable, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological fields. These layers are important in electronics, optical systems, and coatings for their particular physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a sheet of substance covering a few nanometers to a few microns in dimension, often applied to surfaces for purposeful functions. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and medicine, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision measuring instruments used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or widths, generally in manufacturing and production. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a slender, disk-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the base for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the basic material in the fabrication of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices famous for their excellent performance and adaptability, ideal for multiple fields. They use a stratified semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight directly into electrical energy with outstanding efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into power using solar panels, offering a renewable energy source for residential, business, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and generate electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that utilize carbon-based compounds, to convert sun's energy into electricity. They are lightweight, flexible, and enable cost-effective, large-area solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential electronic substance used in laminate solar modules due to its plentiful and non-toxic elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an attractive substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, facades, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to scatter through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a light film to the inside or outside of cars or structures windows to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It improves privacy, increases energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of solar power stations overview various massive solar energy plants around the planet, highlighting their output and locations. These plants function a crucial role in green energy production and worldwide efforts to lower carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive systems that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are essential in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as waste, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote sustainable practices and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, air currents, and water. It offers a eco-friendly solution to traditional fuels, minimizing environmental impact and promoting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as lignite, petroleum, and natural gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the main power sources for power production and mobility but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, poisonous elements such as lead, Hg, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency assesses how effectively a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into usable power. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for increasing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological advancements and decreasing costs. This expansion is transforming the global energy landscape by boosting the portion of clean solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power installations designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover large areas and utilize PV modules or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear component that bending light to converge or separate rays, forming images. It is commonly used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to vision surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It boosts the clarity and brightness of screens by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes negate each other, leading to a diminution or full disappearance of the combined wave. This event usually happens when these waves are not in phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC refers to a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes sinusoidally as time progresses, allowing cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A compact inverter is a small component used to transform direct current (DC) from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for domestic use. It boosts system efficiency by optimizing energy production at the panel level and simplifies setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the voltage and electric flow periodically reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over vast spans. It is frequently used in households and factories to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical plug used to provide DC power from a power supply to an electronic device. It generally consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that guarantee a secure and dependable attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a international safety approval body that tests and endorses products to guarantee they comply with certain protection norms. It assists consumers and businesses find reliable and protected products through thorough review and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the same current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows components to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode acts as a semiconductor device that permits current to pass in a single direction only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, intended to supply electrical energy for different devices and add-ons within a automobile. It enables users to power electronic electronics or run small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripherals to PCs, enabling information exchange and electric power. It accommodates a wide range of hardware such as keypads, mouses, external drives, and cell phones, with multiple versions delivering increased speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar power, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, ranging from wireless signals to gamma rays, featuring diverse lengths and energies. This range is crucial to numerous technological applications and natural phenomena, allowing communication, medical imaging, and understanding of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the sun. It has a key role in such as vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color palette based on variations of a individual hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create balance and accord. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to quantify the intensity of energy or power received or emitted over a defined surface, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the dispersion and movement of power across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is often used to describe the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a substantial mass of air with fairly consistent thermal and moisture features, coming from from particular origin zones. These airmass affect weather systems and atmospheric conditions as they move across various zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the quantification of the intensity per square meter received from the solar source in the type of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar activity and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing climate and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the collection of dirt, and other particles on the panels of solar arrays, which reduces their performance. Routine maintenance and maintenance are essential to limit energy waste and maintain best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the highest power output of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak ability to produce electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to measure the electrical potential between two locations in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in photovoltaic modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic chemical element essential for plant development and employed in different industrial uses, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical properties that render it valuable in manufacturing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant captures sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of using land for both solar power production and agriculture, maximizing space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while simultaneously creating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that allows for increased efficiency by taking advantage of albedo effect and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shelter while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar array is a assembly of numerous solar panels configured to create electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to produce renewable, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio cover is a structure that offers shade and shelter from the weather for al fresco areas. It improves the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a cozy area for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a point of interest. It is commonly used in navigation, land measurement, and astrophysics to define the orientation of an target in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance widely used in thin-film solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost efficiency. It demonstrates outstanding optical characteristics, making it a popular option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in promoting solar energy integration and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to assess massive electricity generation and utilization. It is generally associated with generating stations, national grids, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a international leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film solar cells that deliver high efficiency and low-cost power generation. The organization is dedicated to green renewable energy advancement and decreasing the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly linking various parts of factory and automation systems to improve productivity and dependability. It concentrates on creating advanced solutions that enable smooth communication and cooperation among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent Chinese-based company focused on producing and developing solar-powered photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion W, often utilized to represent the capacity of large-scale power generation or consumption. It highlights the vast power scale involved in modern energy infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost drops as cumulative output grows, due to learning curve and efficiencies gained over time. This concept highlights the significance of stored knowledge in lowering costs and improving productivity in industrial processes and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that renewable energy technologies are cost-effectively viable with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the standard electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a network of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for various appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the country, and is supplied through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for guaranteeing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is harnessed from the solar radiation using solar cells to generate electricity or through thermal solar systems to generate heat. It is a green, eco-friendly, and eco-conscious power supply that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, commercial, and manufacturing settings to generate green, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of solar-powered items features a selection of devices that utilize sunlight to generate energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and renewable living. These items include everything from solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor gear, providing versatile solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses plus reflectors focusing sunlight on high-performance solar cells, considerably enhancing energy capture from a compact footprint. This technology works well where bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to reducing the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
